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James Glaisher FRS (7 April 1809 – 7 February 1903) was an English meteorologist and aeronaut. Born in Rotherhithe, the son of a London watchmaker,〔H. P. Hollis, (‘Glaisher, James (1809–1903)’ ), rev. J. Tucker, ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'', Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, Oct 2008, accessed 5 Jan 2009〕 Glaisher was a Junior assistant at the Cambridge Observatory from 1833 to 1835〔Stratton, F.J.M. "The History of the Cambridge Observatories", Annals of the Solar Physics Observatory, Cambridge Vol. I (1949)〕 before moving to the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, where he served as Superintendent of the Department of Meteorology and Magnetism at Greenwich for thirty-four years. In 1845, Glaisher published his dew point tables, for the measurement of humidity. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in June 1849.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 Library and Archive Catalogue )〕 He was a founder member of the Meteorological Society (1850) and the Aeronautical Society of Great Britain (1866). He was president of the Royal Meteorological Society from 1867 to 1868. Glaisher was elected a member of The Photographic Society, later the Royal Photographic Society, in 1854 and served as the Society's President for 1869–1874 and 1875–1892.〔Presidents 1853–2013. (www.rps.org ) and http://rpsmembers.dmu.ac.uk/rps_results.php?mid=130. Accessed 6 March 2015.〕 He remained a member until his death. He is most famous, however, as a pioneering balloonist. Between 1862 and 1866, usually with Henry Tracey Coxwell as his co-pilot, Glaisher made numerous ascents in order to measure the temperature and humidity of the atmosphere at its highest levels. His ascent on 5 September 1862 broke the world record for altitude, but he passed out around 8,800 metres before a reading could be taken. One of the pigeons making the trip with him died. Estimates suggest that he rose to more than 9,500 metres and as much as 10,900 metres above sea-level.〔(Centennial of Flight )〕〔(1902 Encyclopedia )〕 Glaisher lived at 22 Dartmouth Hill, Blackheath, London, where there is a blue plaque in his memory. He died in Croydon, Surrey in 1903, aged 93. He had married in 1843 Cecilia Louisa, a daughter of Henry Belville, Assistant at the Royal Observatory, Greenwich. James and Cecilia Glaisher had three children, including the mathematician James Whitbread Lee Glaisher (1848–1928). A lunar crater is named after him. The name was approved by the IAU in 1935.〔(Glaisher crater ), Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature, International Astronomical Union (IAU) Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (WGPSN), retrieved June 2015〕 ==Notes== Jennifer Tucker. "Voyages of Discovery on Oceans of Air: Scientific Observation and the Image of Science in an Age of "Balloonacy"" ''Osiris'', 2nd series, Volume 11, "Science in the Field" (1996):144-176. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「James Glaisher」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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